Amid France’s political 'fragmentation', 'a case needs to be made for participatory democracy’

Carys Garland is pleased to welcome Dr. Andrew Smith, Historian of Modern France and Lecturer in Liberal Arts at Queen Mary University of London. He argues that Marine Le Pen and the National Rally’s commanding position in early presidential polling should not be regarded as an inevitable far-right victory. They are benefiting from familiarity, unity and laser-focused messaging. More fundamentally, however, Smith sees the polling as a reflection of a French electorate shaped by anger, anxiety, e

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